{"id":3393,"date":"2014-05-05T13:02:48","date_gmt":"2014-05-05T11:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kvinfo.dk.linux150.unoeuro-server.com\/women-in-morocco-defined-by-their-virtue\/"},"modified":"2018-07-02T12:00:43","modified_gmt":"2018-07-02T10:00:43","slug":"women-in-morocco-defined-by-their-virtue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.kvinfo.dk\/old\/women-in-morocco-defined-by-their-virtue\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Women in Morocco defined by their virtue"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"factbox factbox-left\">\n\t\t\t\t \t<button class=\"btn btn-primary hidden visible-xs\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#factbox-the-case-of-amina-filali\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapseFactBox\">\n\t\t\t\t    The case of Amina Filali\n\t\t\t\t  \t<span class=\"caret\"><\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t  \t<div class=\"collapse dont-collapse-sm\" id=\"factbox-the-case-of-amina-filali\">\n\t\t\t\t  \t<h3>The case of Amina Filali<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the age of 15, Amina Filali was raped by Moustapha Fellak, ten years her senior. Following the attack, Amina was forced to marry Fellak, who continued to abuse her. Five months after having been forced into marriage, she committed suicide by swallowing rat poison. The case of her tragic death caused outrage in Morocco. In January 2014, protesters succeeded in forcing the Moroccan government to abolish Article 475, the law that allowed a rapist to go unpunished if he married his under-age victim.&nbsp;<\/p>    \n\t\t\t\t  \t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  \t<\/div>\n<p>The young woman is in no doubt at all: \u201cA man cannot do anything wrong. I can\u2019t see how we can lay any of the blame on him.\u201d<br \/>\nThis woman represents one of the many Moroccans who voice their opinions about rape in the documentary film 475: Break the Silence. Hind Bensari, the creative force behind the film, spent two months interviewing ordinary citizens on the streets of Casablanca to gauge public opinion about the issue of rape and about how Moroccans view the law that until January allowed a rapist to avoid punishment if he married his victim.<br \/>\nHind Bensari, who was born in Morocco but who moved to London with her family at the age of thirteen, was shocked by the responses:<br \/>\n\u201cPeople\u2019s attitudes really stunned me. And what was most shocking of all was the fact that it was the young people who were most conservative. You\u2019d think that young, well-educated people would have a more progressive approach, but this wasn\u2019t my experience at all. If so many young people are leaving school with these attitudes what picture does it paint of the type of society we\u2019re heading towards?\u201d<br \/>\nThe majority of Moroccans that Hind Bensari spoke with were of the opinion that it was a woman\u2019s own fault if she is raped. They felt that the attack was probably triggered by her clothing, her behaviour or because she was walking on the street alone. And the general consensus was that the best thing for the woman was to marry her attacker, thereby avoiding the shame and becoming financially secure.<\/p>\n<h2>We are all Amina<\/h2>\n<div class=\"factbox factbox-left\">\n\t\t\t\t \t<button class=\"btn btn-primary hidden visible-xs\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#factbox-the-case-of-amina-filali\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapseFactBox\">\n\t\t\t\t    The case of Amina Filali\n\t\t\t\t  \t<span class=\"caret\"><\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t  \t<div class=\"collapse dont-collapse-sm\" id=\"factbox-the-case-of-amina-filali\">\n\t\t\t\t  \t<h3>The case of Amina Filali<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the age of 15, Amina Filali was raped by Moustapha Fellak, ten years her senior. Following the attack, Amina was forced to marry Fellak, who continued to abuse her. Five months after having been forced into marriage, she committed suicide by swallowing rat poison. The case of her tragic death caused outrage in Morocco. In January 2014, protesters succeeded in forcing the Moroccan government to abolish Article 475, the law that allowed a rapist to go unpunished if he married his under-age victim.&nbsp;<\/p>    \n\t\t\t\t  \t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  \t<\/div>\n<p>Human rights organisations estimate that one in four women in Morocco is the victim of violence or sexually motivated attack. In six out of ten instances, the perpetrator is a man under the age of 35.<br \/>\nA young, unmarried woman who loses her virginity \u2013 even if it happens by rape \u2013 is seen as bringing shame to her family and can no longer be married off. Consequently, many families prefer that the woman marry her attacker. The woman is then left with something of a Hobson\u2019s choice: either she can choose to marry the man who raped her, or face being ostracised \u2013 not merely by her family but by the entire community. As the majority of victims are under 18 years of age, it is clear that there really is only one option open to them.<br \/>\nThis was the case with Amina Filali. Her life came to an abrupt end when she was just sixteen years old. The Moroccan teenager was the victim of a double tragedy: firstly, she was raped at knifepoint by Moustapha Fellak, three years her senior; then she was forced to marry him.  Once married, Fellak continued to rape and abuse her, and five months later in March 2012 Amina Filali committed suicide by swallowing rat poison.<br \/>\nThis case by no means a one-off in Morocco, where until January a law known as Article 475 allowed a rapist to avoid punishment for his crime if he married his underage victim. Nevertheless, Amina\u2019s story attracted massive media coverage in Morocco, prompting human rights organisations as well as the Moroccan public to demand better conditions for children and women. \u201cWe are all Amina\u201d was the slogan shouted by the demonstrators who took to the streets campaign against the controversial Article 475.<br \/>\nThe response from the Moroccan government at the time was that the article would remain as it was. As the Minister for Families, Bassima Hakkaoui, (the only woman in the government) said at the time, \u201cArticle 475 will not be abolished from one day to the other due to pressure from a protest movement.\u201d Minister for Justice, Mustafa Ramid, went even further. He refused to accept that Amina had been raped, and he insinuated that the 16-year-old girl had voluntarily involved herself with her attacker \u2013 a reaction that victims of rape often face in Morocco.<br \/>\nAll this time, the then-24-year-old Hind Bensari was living in London. She was employed as a business development manager at a Middle Eastern investment fund, she had a lovely flat, and she was content with her life. But Amina\u2019s case aroused something in Hind Bensari \u2013 something more than just shock and sadness about the state of affairs in her homeland:<br \/>\n\u201cWhen I heard about Amina, something inside me changed. I was miles away from Morocco and everything that was going on there, but nevertheless I felt a strong urge to do something,\u201d tells Hind Bensari when KVINFO met her in Copenhagen.<\/p>\n<h2>Moroccan law \u2013 a legacy from France occupation<\/h2>\n<p>Bensari began reading everything she could about Amina Filali\u2019s case, and she quickly discovered that there was something terribly wrong with the Moroccan legal system \u2013 and that Amina\u2019s story was far from unique. Two months after Amina\u2019s tragic death, 15-year-old Safae from Tangiers attempted suicide for the second time. Like Amina, she had been forced to marry the man who had raped her. Four months later, Chaimae \u2013 at just 11 years of age \u2013 killed herself after having been raped. And in November 2013, 16-year-old Amina Tamari committed suicide whilst her family were preparing for her wedding where she would be forced to marry the man who raped her.<br \/>\nBensari discovered that the contentious Article 475 had absolutely nothing to do with Islam, as she otherwise had suspected. On the contrary, the law had been passed down from the time when Morocco was a French protectorate, between 1912 and North African independence in 1956. The law was first abolished in France in 1994.<br \/>\n\u201cFirst, I was under the impression that the law was something to do with Islam. But when I began to study Islamic law and speak with different experts, I discovered that we\u2019d actually inherited the law from France. This made me realise that it wouldn\u2019t take the whole world to change things. Europe had changed quickly \u2013 it\u2019s not that long ago that women and men didn\u2019t have the same rights here. I was prompted to act.\u201d<br \/>\nHind Bensari decided to make a documentary film on the subject, the primary voices in which would be those of ordinary Moroccans:<br \/>\n\u201cI didn\u2019t want the debate to be led by experts and opinion-makers; what I did want to do, however, was to show what the men and women on the streets think about women and about how women should be treated.\u201d<br \/>\nOnce Bensari had collected enough money through crowd-surfing to produce the film, she gave up her job in London and moved back to live with her parents in Casablanca, where 475: Break the Silence was filmed.<\/p>\n<h2>Misconseptions of rape<\/h2>\n<p>The questions to which Bensari wanted to find the answers included \u2018How have we reached a situation where we encourage these marriages?\u2019, and \u2018How is it possible that a law that is at odds with Moroccan legal tradition has been so readily accepted by a society that prides itself on putting family values above all else?\u2019.<br \/>\nShe discovered no clear answer. However, she did uncover a number of factors that contribute to providing an answer. Firstly, the absence of any sexual education in schools serves to foster a huge number of misconceptions as to what sex is and, not least, what rape is.<br \/>\n\u201cMany of the people I spoke to saw no difference in extra-marital sex and rape. I was often asked: \u2018when you say \u2018rape\u2019, do you mean rape with or without violence?\u2019,\u201d explains Hind Bensari<br \/>\nOr as one middle-aged man in the film puts it: \u201cThere are to scenarios with rape: the first is that the woman wants to be raped so she can become a prostitute. When she eventually marries, she then knows how to satisfy her husband.\u201d<br \/>\nStatements like these show that there is an extreme lack of basic knowledge about sex and rape in Morocco.<br \/>\n\u201cIn schools, children are not taught about sexuality, reproduction or birth control; these are not things people talk about. This gives rise to all of these ridiculous ideas about what intercourse actually is. And no politicians dare to go near the subject because it raises the moral question of whether or not these are things we should be teaching our children,\u201d tells Bensari.<br \/>\nThe fact that the economic situation has been forcing people to put off marriage until later has not made the situation any better. A man is expected to be able to support his wife, so for the 18% of young Moroccan men between the ages of 14 and 24 who are currently unemployed marriage is not an option.<br \/>\nIn Morocco, sex outside marriage is forbidden. It is for this reason that many Moroccan women refrain from reporting a rape as it the woman who bears the burden of proof in rape cases. It is the woman who must prove that she has been raped, not the man who must prove that he is innocent. A widely held misconception is that if a woman reports a rape it is because she has been caught having extra-marital sexual relations. Many believe that the woman \u2013 to preserve her reputation \u2013 reports the man who she has voluntarily gone to bed with to the police.<br \/>\nHind Bensari believes that such false accusations do occur. Perhaps the woman holds out prospects of marriage and reports her lover for rape in order to hold him to his promise. However, she doubts very much that such cases represent the majority of rape allegations, although she regrets that these false cases not only cast doubt on any woman who reports a rape but also make it harder to convict the man in real cases of rape.<\/p>\n<h2>We are violated every day<\/h2>\n<p>On top of all of this comes the widely held point of view in Morocco that rape is not a serious crime.<br \/>\n\u201cSomething I realised during the recording and which saddened me deeply was the fact that Moroccans don\u2019t have the same view of rape as I do. In my eyes, rape is one of the worst things a woman can be exposed to. But in Morocco, the general attitude is that rape is something that can happen but isn\u2019t the end of the world,\u201d tells Hind Bensari.<br \/>\nTowards the end of Bensari\u2019s film 475: Break the Silence, a man makes a very telling statement:<br \/>\n\u201cWe\u2019re all being raped. They\u2019re violating our rights every day.\u201d<br \/>\nFor Hind Bensari, this statement was a true eye-opener:<br \/>\n\u201cHe wasn\u2019t the only one who said this, but he put it so clearly. It\u2019s an opinion that because peoples rights are being violated all the time, the rape of a woman is little different. When life gets tough, treating people badly \u2013 often those with a lower status \u2013 becomes a pitiful consequence of a person\u2019s own misery,\u201d tells Bensari, who believes that Moroccans are living in the belief that things cannot change.<br \/>\n\u201cIf a woman is beaten by her husband, it\u2019s no big deal. So people will say \u2018be patient; everything will work itself out in the end\u2019.\u201d<br \/>\nAccording to Bensari, this apathetic attitude towards violence is founded in a general lack of faith in society. Corruption and bribery of court judges and policemen are commonplace, and it is a well-known fact that a person\u2019s social status determines the severity of punishment if caught committing a crime.<br \/>\n\u201cSo, a big part of it has to do with social status and class.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Insufficient legislation<\/h2>\n<p>When Hind Bensari was living in London, she was far removed from the debate in Morocco, and when she started work on the film she feared that she may be overreacting: perhaps things were not so serious after all? But when she visited the women\u2019s shelters in Morocco whilst filming 475: Break the Silence, she was left in no doubt:<br \/>\n\u201cWhen I saw how these shelters were full of women who had been beaten, raped, abandoned and left with nowhere to go \u2013 when I witnessed the scale of the trauma \u2013 I was convinced that what I was doing was right. We need to act and create a better society.\u201d<br \/>\nWhen the film was completed by April 2013, Hind Bensari launched on the Internet where it could be streamed free of charge. By the end of the year, the partly state-run television channel 2M chose to broadcast it. It broke all national records, drawing in an audience of 2.6 million Moroccans. Following increased pressure on the Moroccan government from both the media and the public, a unanimous parliament voted to abolish Article 475 so that men who rape underage girls no longer can avoid punishment by marrying their victim. Amina Filali became a symbol of the women\u2019s rights movement in Morocco, and the repeal of the law became a victory for the liberal voice of the country.<br \/>\nBut if you ask Hind Bensari, this change to the law is by no means enough.<br \/>\n\u201cIn 2004 marriage to a minor was made illegal in Morocco \u2013 but the law included a clause saying that a judge could make an exception and give dispensation. Since this law was introduced, even more marriages to underage girls have been taking place than before. So having adequate laws is all well and good; but if society doesn\u2019t recognise them, nothing will ever change.\u201d<br \/>\nIn the wake of the repeal of Article 475, Hind Bensari was in Marrakech to show her film. Whilst there, she toured the streets to gauge people\u2019s reactions to the abolishment of the law.<br \/>\n\u201cMost people had no idea that the law had been changed. And when they heard it, the majority expressed the view that it was not an appropriate solution.\u201d<br \/>\nWhen a woman is raped, she and her family will still be face dishonour, and with the abolition of the law there is no longer a way for them to regain their lost honour.<\/p>\n<h2>Instruments for change<\/h2>\n<p>What it basically comes down to is the issue of how women are regarded. According to Hind Bensari, the fact that a woman\u2019s value is defined by the status of her hymen is representative of a society where keeping face and living up to authoritarian ideals about how people should live their lives is seen as more important than an individual\u2019s well-being and fundamental rights.<br \/>\n\u201cBlindly respecting authority or tradition, rather than considering what is in fact right or wrong, is a cornerstone of every conservative society. But behind the fa\u00e7ade, nothing is as rose-tinted as it appears.\u201d<br \/>\nShe does not judge the Moroccan people for trying to live up to the norms, but wants to use her film to show that there are other ways \u2013 and that there is room for change:<\/p>\n<div class=\"factbox factbox-left\">\n\t\t\t\t \t<button class=\"btn btn-primary hidden visible-xs\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#factbox-danish-arab-partnership-programme\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapseFactBox\">\n\t\t\t\t    Danish-Arab Partnership Programme\n\t\t\t\t  \t<span class=\"caret\"><\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t  \n\t\t\t\t  \t<div class=\"collapse dont-collapse-sm\" id=\"factbox-danish-arab-partnership-programme\">\n\t\t\t\t  \t<h3>Danish-Arab Partnership Programme<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>KVINFO&#39;s programme in the Middle East and North Africa is financed by:<\/p><p><img width=\"197\" height=\"55\" src=\"https:\/\/kvinfo.dk\/old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/dailogogrey.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" height=\"55\" width=\"197\" \/><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p>    \n\t\t\t\t  \t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t  \t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cPreserving your virtue as a woman equates to ensuring your survival in the local community. People don\u2019t possess the tools to allow them to contemplate change or think independently as they\u2019re not taught these things and don\u2019t see others doing them. But the Internet and TV have given us platforms for change, and I want to show the Moroccan people that things can be different.\u201d<br \/>\nIt annoys Hind Bensari when she meets people who tell her that she has made a film about a women\u2019s issue:<br \/>\n\u201cRape in Morocco isn\u2019t a women\u2019s problem; it\u2019s a society problem. And I haven\u2019t made a film about women \u2013 I\u2019ve made a film about Morocco.\u201d<br \/>\nBensari believes that both men and women are responsible for changing the status quo. However, there remains a desperate need for more male leadership in the struggle for equality between the sexes \u2013 not least because getting involved in the debate about women\u2019s conditions is not considered to be masculine. And in her eyes this is not just a problem in Morocco but it is a universal problem.<br \/>\nDespite this, she remains hopeful:<br \/>\n\u201cChange doesn\u2019t just happen from one day to the next. But what I\u2019ve seen whilst working on my film is that it is in fact possible to have an open debate about this. And the more communication there is, the more people can develop their attitudes and think alternatively. As long as the debate is open, everyone has something to say. And we really do need to sort this out.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The young woman is in no doubt at all: \u201cA man cannot do anything wrong. I can\u2019t see how we can lay any of the blame on him.\u201d This woman represents one of the many Moroccans who voice their opinions about rape in the documentary film 475: Break the Silence. Hind Bensari, the creative force &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":246,"featured_media":5350,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[]},"categories":[1],"tags":[1869,2729,2389,1983,2643,2860,2496,1664,1820],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Women in Morocco defined by their virtue - Kvinfo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Women in Morocco defined by their virtue - Kvinfo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The young woman is in no doubt at all: \u201cA man cannot do anything wrong. I can\u2019t see how we can lay any of the blame on him.\u201d This woman represents one of the many Moroccans who voice their opinions about rape in the documentary film 475: Break the Silence. 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I can\u2019t see how we can lay any of the blame on him.\u201d This woman represents one of the many Moroccans who voice their opinions about rape in the documentary film 475: Break the Silence. 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